Card 6 of 8

2D shapes

Polygon angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, area and perimeter formulas.

PolygonSidesInterior angles add toEach interior angle*Each exterior angle*Lines of symmetry*
Triangle3180°60°120°3
Quadrilateral4360°90°90°4
Pentagon5540°108°72°5
Hexagon6720°120°60°6
Heptagon7900°128.6°51.4°7
Octagon81080°135°45°8
Nonagon91260°140°40°9
Decagon101440°144°36°10
Dodecagon121800°150°30°12

* when the polygon is regular (all sides and angles equal)

The formula, so you never need the table: interior angles add to (n − 2) × 180°. Divide by n for each angle in a regular polygon. The shortcut: exterior angles of ANY polygon always add to 360°. So each exterior angle of a regular n-gon is 360 ÷ n, and interior = 180 − exterior. This is usually the faster route.

120°60° ext.
Regular hexagon: interior angle 120°, exterior angle 60°. Exterior angles always total 360°.
120°60°120 + 60 = 18080°60°40°
Angles on a straight line add to 180°. Angles in a triangle add to 180°.

Triangles

TypeSidesAngles
Equilateral3 equalall 60°
Isosceles2 equal2 equal
Scaleneall differentall different
Right-angled—one 90°

Quadrilaterals

ShapeKey properties
Square4 equal sides, 4 right angles, 4 lines of symmetry, diagonals equal & perpendicular
Rectangleopposite sides equal, 4 right angles, 2 lines of symmetry
Rhombus4 equal sides, opposite angles equal, 2 lines of symmetry
Parallelogramopposite sides parallel & equal, 0 lines of symmetry
Trapeziumexactly one pair of parallel sides
Kite2 pairs of adjacent equal sides, 1 line of symmetry

The parallelogram having zero lines of symmetry surprises nearly every child. It has rotational symmetry of order 2, which is a different thing.

Area and perimeter

ShapeAreaPerimeter
Rectanglelength × width2(l + w)
Squareside²4 × side
Triangle½ × base × heightadd the three sides
Parallelogrambase × height2(a + b)
Trapezium½ × (a + b) × heightadd the four sides
Circleπ r²2π r (circumference)
6 cm424base 820L-shape
Area = length × width · ½ × base × height · split an L-shape into two rectangles.