Card 4 of 8

Units of measurement

Length, mass and capacity conversions — and the area trap that costs marks.

MeasureConversionRule
Length1 km = 1,000 m×1,000
1 m = 100 cm×100
1 cm = 10 mm×10
1 m = 1,000 mm×1,000
Mass1 kg = 1,000 g×1,000
1 tonne = 1,000 kg×1,000
Capacity1 litre = 1,000 ml×1,000
1 cl = 10 ml×10
Area1 m² = 10,000 cm²×100² (not ×100!)
Volume1 litre = 1,000 cm³1 cm³ = 1 ml
Time1 hour = 60 min×60
1 min = 60 s×60
1 day = 24 hours×24
1 year = 365 days366 in a leap year

The direction rule that prevents most errors: converting to a smaller unit means you need more of them → multiply. To a bigger unit → divide.

4,500 ml → litres. Litres are bigger → divide → 4.5 L ✓

The area trap. 1 m² is 10,000 cm², not 100. Because a square metre is 100 cm × 100 cm.